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Lancaster Sound, an arm of BAFFIN BAY and a major passage through the ARCTIC ARCHIPELAGO, is 400 km long and some 100 km wide. It lies at the north end of BAFFIN ISLAND and is connected to Barrow Strait on the west. As a result of the interaction of currents, the sound is rich in nutrients and supports a biologically varied community of birds, mammals and fish. At BYLOT ISLAND, which lies at its eastern end, it provides breeding grounds for some 3 million seabirds alone. The area has provided sustenance for INUIT cultures for thousands of years: ringed seals, walrus and polar bears, and NARWHALS, BELUGAS, killer and bowhead whales. Arctic fox is trapped in almost every inlet, and arctic char is taken at the mouths of rivers.
European interest began in the 17th century, with the search for the NORTHWEST PASSAGE, and William BAFFIN was likely the first to record the existence of the sound (1616). It was named for English navigator Sir James Lancaster (d 1618). WHALING became important at the beginning of the 19th century. Later that century trading posts were established at Button Port, Albert Harbour, ARCTIC BAY, Pond Inlet and Dundas Harbour. In the late 20th century lead-zinc ore was mined at NANISIVIK. With ICEBREAKERS, the passage is open to local shipping from mid summer to early fall. Increased human activity threatens the area's wildlife, which is concentrated at a few sites and therefore highly vulnerable. However, SIRMILIK NATIONAL PARK protects part of the Lancaster Sound marine region.
Author
JAMES MARSH
Links to Other Sites
Canadian Arctic Archipelago
An interactive satellite image of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Click on the scale on the left side of the page to zoom in and out of the image. From the iTouchMap.com website.
Reference Maps
Scroll down to the "Provincial and Territorial" section and then click on the name of a specific Canadian province or territory for a detailed map. Then, click on either "JPEG" or "PDF" to view the map on your computer screen. From "The Atlas of Canada," Natural Resources Canada.
Sirmilik National Park
This illustrated Parks Canada website offers information about the ecology, geography, and history of Sirmilik National Park.
Lancaster Sound
A brief description of the geography and wildlife of the Lancaster Sound region. A Parks Canada website.
The Muskox Patrol: High Arctic Sovereignty Revisited
A 2003 article about the role of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in the Canadian government’s quest to secure international recognition of its claims to sovereignty over the High Arctic islands. Includes photos of the ship “Beothic,” the Dundas Harbour RCMP Detachment, and more. From the Arctic Institute of North America. A pdf file.
Frozen Ocean
A superb online exhibit about the search for the Northwest Passage. Historic maps and images from books show how the Inuit assisted foreign led expeditions into the Canadian Arctic and how European explorers gradually accepted Inuit techniques of travel and survival. Contemporary maps show the lasting achievement of the expeditions: the mapping of the Canadian Arctic. From the Toronto Public Library.
Arctic Mission
The website for Arctic Mission, a scientific voyage through the Arctic’s fabled North-West Passage. Features interactive maps, videos, photos and written observations about the landscape, climate, and wildlife that inhabit this region. From the National Film Board.
Oceans North Canada
This website examines conservation strategies that address the impact of climate change in the Arctic. Programs include identification of marine conservation areas, land claims agreements, fisheries management plans, ecosystem studies, and related initiatives. Features maps and striking photographs of local landscapes.
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